第十讲  短文改错

题型解读及答题技巧:
短文改错是几大题型中最简单的一道题， 但从历年评卷反馈的信息来看多数考生得分不高， 分析原因： 一方面是重视程度不够， 考生在这一题型上没有用足时间， 《考试大纲》给出的参考答题时间有十分钟， 但多数考生往往三五分钟就草草做完了； 另一方面是语法知识薄弱。 这一题型对语法的考查较多， 不系统掌握语法知识是很难拿高分的。
除了上述两方面以外， 掌握做题的方法和技巧对做好这一题也很关键， 下面简单介绍做题的一些技巧：
要先通读全文， 理解大意， 再逐行改错。 先把固定搭配、习惯用法、主谓一致、代词一致、时态语态等方面的简单错误找出来并改正； 剩下几行不容易发现错误要从以下几个方面检查。 1）连词错误， 2）表趋向的动词和副词(go/come, take/bring, here/there)的错误。3） 词义的重叠， 4）双介词的情况。（这些错误都是把英语作为第二语言的人极易犯的错误， 一般不易发现）
例如：1). I was also glad that I could experience a different climate, so I was really unprepared for the English winter. (连词错误so改为although， 连词错误要从两个分句的语义关系来判断)。
2）Go and fetch me some water. (语义重叠，fetch改为bring )
Return back to school.（语义重叠， 去掉back）
3） He came to the surface under water.（under前面加from）
4） He heard a cry for help under the tree. (under前面加from)
若仍然还有两行以上找不出错误， 不妨换个角度思考；有没有找出多词的情况，有没有找出漏词的情况等， 因为规范的试题在错误和改法设置上是这样安排的： 多词1-2处；漏词1-2处（多词和漏词加起来三处）； 正确1处； 其余6处是需要改正的。

精讲精练:

练习一
Dear Smith,
 I am an university student. I once thought life at    1．_______
the university must be excellent, but now I changed my     2．_______
mind. I have three roommates, and I was the last one to     3．_______
move into the dormitory. Last term, I got along peacefully     4．_______
and happy. But I find they are not willing to be with me     5．_______
now. They don’t talk with me, and they’ve become cold     6．_______
toward me. Many time, I have wanted to talk with      7．_______
them about how I felt like, but I failed to find       8．_______
an opening. When leaving alone, I always recall       9．_______
this sadness. But I am an honest student. Why don’t      10．______
I win true friendship?

练习二
One day my mummy leave me a short massage,        1．_________
It was said “A sunny day a lovely pig stood in             2．__________
front of you, she gazed your eyes. What did             3．__________
she think? Please guess a name of a song. And tell          4．__________
me the answer within 3 days.” It was a little difficulty       5．__________
to me. I thought for a moment, how can I connect a         6．___________
pig and a song? Three days before, I got the answer.—       7．__________
After I grow up, I can be you. After seeing this I laughing.     8．__________
In order to make fun with each other or                    9．__________
relax themselves, people often send massages like this.       10．__________

练习三
 Most family take their holidays during the summer,     1．_______
together with their children. Some of them stay on one     2．_______
place for the whole holiday while others travel      3．_______
to several places. Those like to go to a lake       4．_______
enjoy sunshine and water sports. When tiring, they     5．_______
can take a rest on the beach but continue to enjoy      6．_______
under the sun. Small children love to play on the sands     7．_______
and in the water. The parents always warn us of      8．_______
the dangers there. They tell their children to be carefully    9．_______
in the water and not stay on the sands all day       10．_______
so as not to get a bad sunburn.

练习四
 To everyone in the world , money was a sensitive topic.   1．_______
No one can live without money in modern society. People    2．_______
have different opinions on them. Some people think one    3．_______
should live to make money, and others, make money to live.   4．_______
In my opinion, the latter view may be much reasonable.    5．_______
We should not be the slave of money. Although money     6．_______
means a lot in our life, but it does not mean everything .    7．_______
We can’t exchange it for friendship and love. Money indeed   8．_______
can make a person enjoy his life for a while, but all his life.    9．_______
In a word, money is something but not anything.      10．_______

练习五
Learning does not happen passively. It is an activity which a person does.
It is a task which can be attempted in various of ways, some of which are   1．_____             
more appropriate than others. When the material to be learned is    2．_____
a brief and simple kind which is familiar with the person and of intense     3．    
interest to him, effective learning usually proceeds automatically.
In the first place, the person at once relates the material to other
material which has already securely learned. Subsequently, the relevance    4．_____
of the newly learned material to his interests assures its being              5．______
recalled on many occasions; and one repetition minimizes                     6．______
the likelihood of remembering. Furthermore, the subsequent use               7．______
of the new material is likely to take place in a variety of contexts
and, so, the material becomes related to a narrower range of other material.  8．       
Because of all this, the material is rapidly learned, long retained,
and recalled with increasingly readiness in a variety of                      9．_____
contexts. Without really trying, the person had fulfilled a                   10．_____
few important conditions of effective learning.

练习六
 Most families in China hoped their single children will have   1． _________
a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. So are    2． _________
teachers in schools! Many children are giving so much homework   3． _________
that they have hardly any spare time have sports. The children     4． _________
are forbidden to do nothing but study. No wonder there     5． _________
are so many children are tired of lessons. Some even attack     6． _________
or kill their parents and teachers! I believe many people already    7． _________
read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. Shouldn’t    8． _________
we draw a lesson from the accident? Now our government     9． _________
is making out a plan to solve the education problems.      10．_________

参考答案:
练习一
1．an改为a。
2．changed前加have。
3．正确。
4．I改为we。
5．happy改为happily。
6．cold改为colder。
7．time改为times。
8．去掉the。
9．leaving改为left。
10．don’t改为can’t。
练习二
1．leave—left 或者sent。
2．去掉was 。
3．gazed 后加at。
4．正确。
5．difficulty—difficult。 
6．to—for。
7．before—later。
8．laughing—laughed。
9．with—of。
10．去掉themselves。
练习三
1．family改为families。
2．on改为in。
3．正确。
4．those后加who。
5．tiring改为tired。
6．but改为and。
7．去掉and。
8．us改为them。
9．carefully改为careful。
10．not后加to。
练习四
1．was改为is。
2．正确。
3．them改为it。
4．and改为but。
5．much改为more。
6．slave改为slaves。
7．去掉but。
8．and改为or。
9．but后加not。
10．anything改为everything。
练习五
1． 去掉第一个of 
2．is后加 of 
3． with改为to
4．has already中间加上 been 
5． assures改为 ensures
6．one 改为 the/this
7．remembering 改为 forgetting
8．narrower改为  wider
9．increasingly改为 increasing
10． had改为 has
练习六
1．hoped改为hope。
2．in改为with。
3．giving改为given。
4．Have前加a。
5．nothing改为anything。
6．第二个are删去或在其前加who。
7．Already前加have（时态错误）。
8．对。
9．accident改为accidents。
10．making改为carrying。