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名词性从句是高中教材中很重要的语法项目，也是近年来高考单项填空题频频考查的热点之一。它包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。应记名词性从句的不同和相同之处，为了使同学们更清楚、熟练地掌握此项语法，下面就近年来高考题加以介绍和分析。
一．从句的语序。
1.Can you make sure ___ the gold ring ? (MET90)
A where Alice had put
B where had Alice put
C where Alice has put
D where has Alice put
2. No one can be sure ____ in a million years.(MET91)
A what man will look like
B what will man look like
C man will look like what
D what look will man like
3. He asked ____ for the violin.(NMET92)
A did I pay how much
B I paid how much
C how much did I pay
D how much I paid
［析］：答案：C、A、D
三题均是带有宾语从句的主从复合句。在上述四种名词性从句中，都要使用陈述语序。另外，还要特别注意主、从句时态的呼应。
二、选择whether 还是if
1. ____the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(NMET96)
A Whenever B If C Whether D That
2. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET96)
A If B Whether C That D Where
3. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and __it is rough or smooth.(2005 天津)
A不填 B.whether C.how D.what
A.［析］：答案：C、B.B
三题均考查由whether 引导的主语从句。在使用whether 、if引导的名词性从句时，应注意以下几种情况：引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用whether不能用if如：
1) It remains unknown whether we can get enough money .( 主语从句)
2) The question is whether he can do it well or not.( 表语从句)
3) I have no idea whether he will come or not .( 同位语从句)
2. 引导介词宾语从句时，只能用whether不能用if如：
I’m thinking of whether I should go or not.
3. 与不定式短语连用时，只能用whether不能用if如：
I can’t decide whether go to or to stay.
4. 在正式文体中，句中有or not 时，只能用whether不能用if如：
I wonder whether it is big enough or not.
5. whether 、if引导肯定的宾语从句时（除了上述2、3、4三种情况外）可互换。但引导否定的宾语从句时，只能用if .如：
I don’t know whether/if I should tell you about it.(肯定的宾语从句)
I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.（否定的宾语从句）
三 it 充当形式主语，真正的主语——主语从句后置。
1．It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning gray.(MET92)
A while B that C if D for
2. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(MET95)
A There B This C That D It
［析］：答案：B 、D
虽然两题考查的方式不同，但均考查主语从句中一种特殊的句式，即：用it 充当形式主语代替主语从句，而把主语从句后置。
四．选择what 还是that .
1. ____ he said at eh meeting astonished everybody present.(MET93)
A What B That C The fact D The matter
2. ____ we can’t get seems better than _____ we have.(NMET96)
A What ; what B What ; that C That ; that D That ; what
［析］：答案：A、A.
两题均考查what 引导的名词性从句。What 在从句中既起连接作用， 还在从句中充当成分，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语；而that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分。题1从句中谓语动词said后和题2从句中谓语动词get 、have 后均缺少宾语，故答案为A.
五．疑问词+ever构成的复合连接词的用法。
1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests.(95上海)
A anyone B whomever C whoever D no matter who
2.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_____ he or she wants.(NMET97)
A however B whatever C whichever D whenever
3The poor young man is ready to accept _____help he can get.(2005卷2)
A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever
[析]：答案：C , B.C
题1考查“疑问词+ever”构成的关联词引导的从句作介词of的宾语，即：介词宾语从句。宾语从句中谓语动词shares缺少从语，故应选C。whoever,相当于anyone who.“疑问词+ever”构成的关联词（however除外）即可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。故D项应排除。
题2考查的是 whatever引导的宾语从句。Whatever相当于anything(every–thing)that.从句中谓语动词wants后缺少宾语，应首先排除连接副词A项和D项。使用C项whichever时，应首先有限定范围，whichever相当于any + 限定范围内的某人或某物。故选B .
高考预测：
1. Father made a promise ________I passed the examination .he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B.if C.whether D.that if
2.____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A.what B.who C.that D.whether
3.____the old man’s sons wanted to know was ________the gold had been hidden.
A.that, what B.what, where C. what, that D.what, if
4.The fire destroyed _______was in the ship .
A.that B.what C.which D.all
5.________troubles him is the thought _____
A.that, they broke the rule B.that, they obeyed the rule
C.what, they broke the rule D.what, they obeyed the rule
6.we heard the news _____she set a new world record in swimming.
A.what B whether C.how D.that
7.The question is ____it is worth visiting .
A.if B.as if C.whether D.how
解析：
1．D that引导同位语从句，说明promise 的内容，在that 从句中， 引导条件状语从句
2. C.本句的谓语动词是is ，前面是一个主语从句，that只起连接作用，没有任何意义。
3. B what引导主语从句在从句中作宾语 where引导表语从句。
4．B what 引导的宾语从句，又在从句中主语。
5．C what引导主语从句，thought 之后为同位语从句。
6．D that 引导同位语从句
7．C whether 引导表语从句
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